基于中医体质辨识的糖尿病风险评估模型建立与验证

背景　中医体质因素在糖尿病的发生发展过程中具有重要作用，但目前糖尿病的预测预警模型仅涵盖一般人口学资料、客观检查指标、生活方式等内容。在糖尿病风险评估模型中纳入中医体质辨识内容，对有针对性地防治糖尿病的发生发展具有重要意义。目的　根据健康体检数据建立基于中医体质辨识的糖尿病风险模型并对其进行验证。方法　于2016年1月-2018年12月，以2014-2015年某省级综合性医院健康管理中心体检数据为训练集数据（n=30 951），对是否患糖尿病进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析，纳入有意义的影响因素指标建立糖尿病风险评估模型；以2016-2017年的健康体检数据作为测试集数据（n=24 061），采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）对模型进行验证。结果　训练集人群中，患有糖尿病者1 315例（4.25%），未患糖尿病者29 636例（95.75%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，logit（P）（糖尿病患病情况）=-4.632-0.198×（女）+0.864×（年龄45~59岁）+1.684×（年龄≥60岁）+0.635×（高血压）+0.149×（超重）+0.376×（肥胖）-0.531×（偏轻）-0.234×（淋巴细胞百分数偏高）+0.279×（淋巴细胞百分数偏低）+0.304×（红细胞计数异常）-0.430×（红细胞比容偏低）+0.722×（平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度异常）+0.532×（血小板分布宽度异常）+1.016×（癌胚抗原异常）-0.406×（尿酸异常）+1.341×（肌酐偏低）+0.488×（血尿素氮偏高）+0.473×（三酰甘油异常）+0.257×（总胆固醇偏高）+0.544×（高密度脂蛋白偏低）+0.290×（总蛋白异常）+0.395×（丙氨酸氨基转移酶异常）+0.362×（谷氨酰转肽酶异常）+0.993×（阴虚质）+1.016×（气虚质）+0.601×（痰湿质）。模型验证结果显示，训练集ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.792，95%CI为0.779~0.816（P<0.05），最佳截断值为0.405，灵敏度为0.771，特异度为0.690；测试集验证准确率达到95.69%，Kappa=0.636（P<0.001）。结论　初步构建了糖尿病风险评估模型，且此模型具有较高诊断效应。中医体质辨识作为重要的影响因素纳入糖尿病发病风险评估的模型中来，可以提高其预测能力，为糖尿病的中医药早期防治提供一定的依据。     

A retrospective alternative for active surveillance trials for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a nonobligate precursor of invasive breast cancer, accounting for 20 % of screen-detected breast cancers. Little is known about the natural progression of DCIS because most patients undergo surgery upon diagnosis. Many DCIS patients are likely being overtreated, as it is believed that only around 50 % of DCIS will progress to invasive carcinoma. Robust prognostic markers for progression to invasive carcinoma are lacking. In the past, studies have investigated women who developed a recurrence after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and compared them with those who did not. However, where there is no recurrence, the patient has probably been adequately treated. The present narrative review advocates a new research strategy, wherein only those patients with a recurrence are studied. Approximately half of the recurrences are invasive cancers, and half are DCIS. So-called “recurrences” are probably most often the result of residual disease. The new approach allows us to ask: why did some residual DCIS evolve to invasive cancers and others not? This novel strategy compares the group of patients that developed in situ recurrence with the group of patients that developed invasive recurrence after BCS. The differences between these groups could then be used to develop a robust risk stratification tool. This tool should estimate the risk of synchronous and metachronous invasive carcinoma when DCIS is diagnosed in a biopsy. Identification of DCIS patients at low risk for developing invasive carcinoma will individualize future therapy and prevent overtreatment.     

Outcomes for Young Men With Localized Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of the NCDB

BackgroundPrimary management of localized, intermediate-risk prostate cancer consists of radical prostatectomy (RP), radiotherapy (RT) with short-course androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), or RT alone. The purpose of this study was to determine if these treatment strategies have equivalent overall survival (OS) in patients < 55 years old with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsWe identified 35,134 patients in the National Cancer Data Base with localized intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with RP, RT + ADT, or RT from 2004 to 2013. Ten-year OS rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed by multivariate Cox regression.ResultsA total of 29,920 patients (85.2%) underwent RP, 1393 (4.0%) RT + ADT, and 3821 (10.9%) RT. Median patient age was 51 years old, and median follow-up was 59.9 months. Ten-year OS was estimated to be 94.2% for RP, 80.7% for RT + ADT, and 85.2% for RT (P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, treatment with RT + ADT or RT was associated with significantly worse OS compared to treatment with RP (RT + ADT HR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.67-2.54, P < .0001; RT HR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.71-2.33, P < .0001). Patients who met all 3 of the intermediate-risk criteria showed worse OS compared to patients who met only one criterion (HR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.32-2.44; P = .0002).ConclusionRP is significantly more likely than RT + ADT or RT to be used as a primary treatment for young men with localized intermediate prostate cancer. RP was also associated with improved OS compared to RT + ADT and RT.     

T3、T4期结直肠癌淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的探讨T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移危险因素,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2017年12月在空军军医大学西京消化病医院行结直肠癌根治术的1112例T3、T4期结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料,分析淋巴结转移状态与临床病理因素及肿瘤标志物的相关性,应用logistic多因素回归法分析淋巴结转移的相关危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,性别、年龄、肿瘤部位分层的结直肠癌患者间淋巴结转移率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),淋巴结转移率在不同肿瘤长径[<5 cm和≥5 cm分别为37.75%(211/559)、52.26%(289/553),χ^2=23.666,P<0.01]、大体类型[浸润、溃疡、蕈伞、隆起分别为37.04%(20/54)、47.52%(432/909)、34.33%(23/67)、69.51%(57/82),χ^2=13.787,P=0.003]、分化程度[高、中、低分化分别为34.11%(102/299)、49.00%(317/647)、48.80%(81/166),χ^2=19.771,P<0.01]、错配修复缺陷(dMMR)[是和否分别为26.34%(64/243)、50.17%(436/869),χ^2=43.996,P<0.01]、神经侵犯[是和否分别为48.17%(421/874)、33.20%(79/238),χ^2=16.954,P<0.01]、脉管侵犯[是和否分别为79.16%(338/427)、23.65%(162/685),χ^2=327.493,P<0.01]以及术前癌胚抗原(CEA)[阳性(≥5 mg/ml)和阴性(<5 mg/ml)分别为52.87%(249/471)、39.16%(251/641),χ^2=20.162,P<0.01]和CA199[阳性(≥35 U/ml)和阴性(<35 U/ml)分别为59.33%(124/209)、41.64%(376/903),χ^2=21.465,P<0.01]分层患者间差异均有统计学意义。logistic多因素回归分析显示,脉管侵犯和术前CA199阳性是T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移独立危险因素(OR=13.006,95%CI 9.329~17.276,P<0.01;OR=2.194,95%CI 1.513~3.181,P<0.01),dMMR阳性是淋巴结转移的保护性因素(OR=0.279,95%CI 0.190~0.411,P<0.01)。结论脉管侵犯是T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移的主要危险因素。术前肿瘤标志物CA199的检测可以作为预测T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移状态的指标,一定程度上可为诊疗方案的制订提供参考。     

高龄直肠癌患者腹会阴联合切除术后会阴切口并发症发生的相关危险因素

探讨高龄直肠癌患者腹会阴联合切除术(APR)后会阴切口并发症发生的相关危险因素。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究的方法,分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科2007年1月至2018年9月行APR的72例高龄(≥80岁)直肠癌患者的临床病理资料。采用单因素和多因素分析确定影响高龄直肠癌患者APR后会阴切口并发症发生的危险因素。结果72例患者中,男47例,女25例,年龄为(81.8±1.8)岁。术后会阴切口并发症发生率为23.6%(17/72),其中切口感染5例,切口脂肪液化4例,切口延迟愈合8例。所有患者均顺利出院,无围手术期死亡病例。单因素分析显示,术前血清白蛋白<35 g/L、术中置入氟尿嘧啶缓释剂/洛铂冲洗液、盆底修复、糖尿病和冠心病与高龄患者APR术后会阴切口并发症的发生均有关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,未行盆底修复(OR=0.17,95%CI为0.04~0.82;P=0.027)和糖尿病(OR=4.32,95%CI为1.05~17.81;P=0.043)为高龄直肠癌患者APR后会阴切口发生的独立危险因素。结论行APR的高龄直肠癌患者应尽可能保留盆底腹膜,并予以关闭。围手术期血糖监测也是预防会阴切口并发症发生的有力保障。     

Impact des facteurs psychosociaux sur la santé mentale du personnel de nettoyage

Purpose

To describe the relationship between psychosocial factors and mental health among housekeepers.

血液透析患者中心静脉导管发生相关血流感染危险因素的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析了解留置中心静脉导管的血液透析患者发生导管相关血流感染的危险因素。 方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase数据库,检索时限为建库至2020年12月31日,使用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入20篇文献,包括29项相关危险因素,有统计学意义的危险因素包括合并糖尿病（OR=2.55）、血清白蛋白<30 g/L（OR=2.35）、CD4+细胞<200个/μl（OR=3.02）、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ≥20分（OR=2.41）、股静脉置管（OR=1.94）、导管留置时间≥14 d（OR=3.20）、使用带隧道带涤纶套导管（OR=2.83）。 结论 合并糖尿病、低血清白蛋白、CD4+细胞<200个/μl、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ≥20分、股静脉置管、导管留置时间≥14 d、使用带隧道带涤纶套导管是留置中心静脉导管的血液透析患者易发生导管相关血流感染,护理人员应充分关注该类患者。